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Kanada. CCENDU Bulletin: Risks and Harms Associated with Nonmedical Benzodiazepines in the Unregulated Drug Supply in Canada
This bulletin summarizes the risks and harms associated with nonmedical benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like substances that are increasingly being identified in drugs on the unregulated market, particularly drugs sold as opioids. (Canadian Centre on
Substance Use and Addiction, Kanada, Dezember 2021)
https://ccsa.ca/ccendu-alerts-and-bulletins
Benzodiazepines: Uses, Dangers, and Clinical Considerations.
Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Hollier J, Sagrera CE, Delacroix BM, Abubakar T, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD.
Neurol Int. 2021 Nov 10;13(4):594-607. doi: 10.3390/neurolint13040059. PMID: 34842811; PMCID: PMC8629021.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629021/
From the clinic to the street: the changing role of benzodiazepines in the Scottish overdose epidemic.
McAuley A, Matheson C, Robertson JR.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Nov 6;100:103512. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103512. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34753047.
Abstract
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34753047/
Benzodiazepine and Z-drug use and the risk of developing dementia.
Torres-Bondia F, Dakterzada F, Galván L, Buti M, Besanson G, Grill E, Buil R, de Batlle J, Piñol-Ripoll G.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021 Nov 2:pyab073. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab073. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34727174.
https://watermark.silverchair.com/pyab073.pdf
The Psychonauts' Benzodiazepines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Analysis and Docking Prediction of Their Biological Activity.
Catalani V, Botha M, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Vento A, Scherbaum N, Schifano F.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Jul 26;14(8):720. doi: 10.3390/ph14080720. PMID: 34451817; PMCID: PMC8398354.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398354/
Assessing the clinical utility of the severity dependence scale for benzodiazepine use disorder.
Lowton K, Chiba G.
S Afr J Psychiatr. 2021 Jul 28;27:1571. doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1571. PMID: 34394974; PMCID: PMC8335755.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8335755/
Benzodiazepines and Amphetamines Use among Methadone Maintenance Participants and Their Associations with Treatment Adherence.
Cheng Z, Diao F, Chen GH, Lin CQ, Li L, Wu ZY, Cao XB.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2021 Jun 20;34(6):499-502. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.069. PMID: 34284859.
http://www.besjournal.com/en/article/doi/10.3967/bes2021.069
Mortality and concurrent use of opioids and hypnotics in older patients: A retrospective cohort study.
Ray WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Malow BA, Daugherty JR, Stein CM (2021)
PLoS Med 18(7): e1003709. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003709
https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003709
EMCDDA. New report highlights public health risks and increasing availability of ‘designer benzodiazepines’ in Europe
New benzodiazepines, which are not controlled by international drug laws, come under the spotlight today in a new report released by the EU drugs agency (EMCDDA) (1). Often marketed as ‘designer benzodiazepines’, these substances are sold as ‘legal’ replacements for controlled benzodiazepines and are becoming increasingly available in Europe. They are monitored by the agency as new psychoactive substances (NPS) through the EU Early Warning System (EWS).
The EMCDDA currently monitors 30 new benzodiazepines, over 80% of which were detected for the first time between 2014 and 2020. Despite this relatively large number, the new benzodiazepine market in Europe is currently dominated by etizolam and flualprazolam — although this may change, as both substances were placed under international control in November 2020. In 2019, 1 240 seizures of new benzodiazepines were reported by the EU Member States (around 5% of NPS seizures). (EMCDDA, News release No 6/2021, Lissabon, 09.06.2021
https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2021/6/report-highlights-public-health-risks-and-increasing-availability-designer-benzodiazepines-europe_en
EMCDDA. New benzodiazepines in Europe – a review
Summary
This report provides a technical review of the current body of knowledge regarding new benzodiazepines that are monitored by the EU Early Warning System. The aims of this report are to strengthen situational awareness of new benzodiazepines in Europe, and to help stakeholders prepare for and respond to public health and social threats caused by such substances. (EMCDDA, Lissabon, Juni 2021)
https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/13759/TD0221596ENN_002.pdf
Benzodiazepine Use in Opioid Maintenance Treatment Programme: Risks and Clinical Outcomes.
Oliveira C, Filipe R, Meira J, Sampaio L, Teixeira L, Rodrigues J, Nunes I, Tavares J.
Acta Med Port. 2021 Mar 1;34(3):209-216. doi: 10.20344/amp.13181. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33971116.
https://actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/13181/6273
Relationship between benzodiazepine prescription, aggressive behavior, and behavioral disinhibition: a retrospective study in a Swiss prison.
Baggio, S., Starcevic, V., Heller, P. et al.
Harm Reduct J 18, 58 (2021). doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00504-5
https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-021-00504-5
Doc-Hopping bei Benzodiazepin- und Pregabalinverordnungen
Wie lässt sich vermeiden, dass Patienten verschiedene Praxen aufsuchen, um an möglichst große mengen bestimmter medikamente zu kommen? (R.Ullmann in KVHH Journal, 12/2020, Seiten 26/27)
https://www.kvhh.net/_Resources/Persistent/3/e/a/4/3ea4979c6d3f19755778b20928ee0c42525cf8e7/12_20_www_KVH_Journal_RZ02.pdf
A high-resolution in vivo atlas of the human brain's benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors.
A high-resolution in vivo atlas of the human brain's benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors.
Nørgaard M, Beliveau V, Ganz M, Svarer C, Pinborg LH, Keller SH, Jensen PS, Greve DN, Knudsen GM.
Neuroimage. 2021 Feb 18;232:117878. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117878. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33610745.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811921001555
Opioid overdose reduced in patients taking buprenorphine
Study indicates the drug is effective in opioid users who also take benzodiazepines for anxiety, other conditions. (Washington University School of Medicine, 02.03.2021)
https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/buprenorphine-protects-against-opioid-overdoses-even-in-benzodiazepine-users/
Kanada. A Deadly Synthetic Street Drug Called ‘Benzo Dope’ Is on the Rise
The emerging drug contains two highly-potent highs, fentanyl and etizolam, and has been linked to a string of drug deaths in Canada. (Vice, UK, 02.03.2021)
https://www.vice.com/en/article/3anmy5/a-deadly-synthetic-street-drug-called-benzo-dope-is-on-the-rise
Concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs in Alberta, Canada and the risk of hospitalisation and death: a case cross-over study.
Sharma V, Simpson SH, Samanani S, Jess E, Eurich DT.
BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 20;10(11):e038692. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038692. PMID: 33444187; PMCID: PMC7682464.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7682464/
Benzodiazepines: the time for systematic change is now.
Schmitz, A. (2021)
Addiction, 116: 219– 221. doi.org/10.1111/add.15095.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15095
Compassionate Use: Statt Propofol und Midazolam: Klinik testet Remimazolam
Berlin - In einigen italienischen Krankenhäusern werden verschiedene Wirkstoffe zur Sedierung von Covid-Patienten knapp. Nun wurde mit Remimazolam im Zuge eines Compassionate-Use-Programms ein weiterer Wirkstoff zur Verfügung gestellt, um den Engpass zu lockern. (apotheke adhoc, 02.02.2020)
https://www.apotheke-adhoc.de/nachrichten/detail/internationales/statt-propofol-und-midazolam-klinik-testet-remimazolam-italien-compassionate-use-fuer-remimazolam/
Association Between Benzodiazepine Use With or Without Opioid Use and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1999-2015.
Xu KY, Hartz SM, Borodovsky JT, Bierut LJ, Grucza RA.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2028557. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28557
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773826
Benzodiazepine: FDA will Warnungen vor Abhängigkeit verschärfen
Silver Spring/Maryland – Ein offenbar zunehmender Missbrauch von Benzodiazepinen veranlasst die Arzneimittelbehörde FDA dazu, die Fachinformationen zu verschärfen. Diese sollen künftig umrahmte Warnhinweise enthalten. (aerzteblatt.de, 15.10.2020)
https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/116832/Benzodiazepine-FDA-will-Warnungen-vor-Abhaengigkeit-verschaerfen
Concurrent Use of Benzodiazepine by Heroin Users-What Are the Prevalence and the Risks Associated with This Pattern of Use?.
Yamamoto T, Dargan PI, Dines A, et al.
J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(1):4-11. doi:10.1007/s13181-018-0674-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6314928/
Mixing meds: Weighing the pros and cons of adding benzodiazepines to buprenorphine treatment for individuals with opioid use disorder
Benzodiazepines (a class of sedative medications best known by brand names like Valium, Xanax, and Klonopin) may be prescribed to patients who are receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (an opioid agonist medication best known in formulation with naloxone, marketed as Suboxone). Clinicians accept that there are both risks, and potential benefits associated with combining these medications. To help aid clinical recommendations, Park and colleagues examined some of the risks and benefits associated with prescribing buprenorphine and benzodiazepines together using government records from the state of Massachusetts. (Recovery Research Institute, USA, Juni 2020)
https://www.recoveryanswers.org/research-post/mixing-benzodiazepines-buprenorphine-opioid-use-disorder/
An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines.
Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J.
Neurotoxicology. 2019 Jul;73:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015.
Abstract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0161813X19300178
Combining opioids and benzodiazepines: effects on mortality and severe adverse respiratory events.
Boon M, van Dorp E, Broens S, Overdyk F.
Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Mar;9(2):542-557. doi: 10.21037/apm.2019.12.09.
http://apm.amegroups.com/article/view/35734/29319
A serious adverse drug reaction probably induced by clonazepam: a case report of myotoxicity.
Han X, Wang J.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019 Nov 5;20(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40360-019-0366-y.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6833282/
Problematic Medication With Benzodiazepines, "Z-drugs", and Opioid Analgesics.
Buth S, Holzbach R, Martens MS, Neumann-Runde E, Meiners O, Verthein U.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019 Sep 13;116(37):607-614. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0607.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6819700/
nal von minden: Drug-Screen® 7-Aminoclonazepam Schnelltest
Zum Nachweis von 7-Aminoclonazepam in Urin, Cut-off: 200 ng/mL
https://www.nal-vonminden.com/de/fileupload/index/download?id=133
Benzodiazepine: Fluch und Segen - Was Benzodiazepine im Körper bewirken
Daniela Beer, “Product Manager Toxicology“, nal von minden GmbH
Benzodiazepine- Fluch und Segen - Was Benzodiazepine im Körper bewirken - D.Beer
Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive care unit.
Li Y, Ma J, Jin Y, Li N, Zheng R, Mu W, Wang J, Si J, Chen J, Shang H.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD012670. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012670.pub2
Abstract
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